Tooth sensitivity, also known as dentine hypersensitivity, is a very common issue and can happen for many different reasons.
In this guide we will discuss all things sensitivity- from why it happens, to what you can do to help alleviate the symptoms.
What exactly is tooth sensitivity?
Dentine hypersensitivity usually presents itself as a sharp, temporary discomfort or pain in reaction to a certain stimulus, such as hot & cold food/drink.
While temporary, sensitivity can occur very frequently, with most sufferers of sensitivity simply avoiding certain foods and drinks as a result.
What causes tooth sensitivity?
Many different factors can contribute to tooth sensitivity- it can be the result of a cavity, exposure to acidic foods, recent dental work that has not yet settled, or the recent use of whitening products. While there can be many different causes, the most common issue overall is worn or thin enamel.
Enamel is the tough, outer shell of a tooth which acts as a protective layer for the inner part of the tooth, known as the dentine. While tooth enamel is naturally strong, it does wear down throughout our lives, and certain habits such as regular exposure to acidic food and drink (lemon water, we are looking at you 👀), brushing too hard, and teeth grinding can all affect the strength of our enamel.
When this enamel layer wears down, it exposes the inner dentine layer, which contains nerve tissue and is very responsive to stimuli such as temperature and pressure- this is what causes the sensitivity itself. Some people have naturally thinner enamel, making their teeth even more susceptible to dentine hypersensitivity. Gum recession can also lead to sensitivity, as the area where the gum has receded is left exposed.
How do I stop tooth sensitivity?
Unfortunately, it is very difficult to completely stop tooth sensitivity due to the number of different factors that affect it, but you can certainly take steps to alleviate the symptoms:
- Using a desensitising toothpaste, such as Sensodyne Pronamel or Colgate Sensitive Pro-Relief, is the first everyday step in reducing sensitivity
It is important not to rinse with water after brushing with these toothpastes- simply spit out the excess to allow to toothpaste’s active ingredients to coat the teeth and get to work reducing sensitivity.
- Try to avoid sugary/acidic foods and drinks that can damage enamel
Juices, soft drinks (yes, even the zero sugar ones!), and sugary foods all wear down enamel in a process known as demineralisation. Keeping these foods to a minimum (while including enamel-strengthening foods in your diet, such as calcium rich foods), will help keep enamel wear to a minimum.
- Avoid over-brushing
Ideally use a soft toothbrush (even ultra-soft if needed!) and avoid any harsh scrubbing motions- use gentle, circular movements. If using an electric toothbrush, ensure it has a sensor pressure and ideally sensitive brush-heads, as this will help avoid brushing too hard.
- Regular dental visits
As with most dental issues, prevention is the best cure. Regular dental examinations will help to spot signs of decay or tooth fracture early, issues which will cause sensitivity, and even worse problems, if left untreated.
Your dental examination is also an opportunity to discuss sensitivity with your dentist- if it particularly affects your ability to enjoy certain foods and drinks, they will be able to explore further treatment options with you, e.g. topical fluoride application, gingival grafting, etc.
Hygienists also play a vital role in alleviating sensitivity- regular cleanings improve your periodontal health and prevent issues such as gingival recession which can lead to dentine hypersensitivity.
Are there any dental treatments for severe tooth sensitivity?
For those who still struggle with severe hypersensitivity even after following all the recommended advice and lifestyle changes, it is always best to speak to a dentist about alternative treatment options.
These may include:
- Recommendation of products which can be applied throughout the day to reduce sensitivity, particularly on a single tooth or area (e.g. GC MI Paste Plus).
- Application of a topical desensitiser to form a barrier against sensitivity (as needed).
- Composite material (like a filling) can sometimes be used to cover an area of thin enamel to protect the dentine from exposure where possible.
- Where gingival recession is causing exposed dentine, a gum graft to repair the gum could be carried out with a periodontal specialist.
- If the sensitivity is related to nocturnal grinding/bruxism, then a custom nightguard may help to reduce symptoms and prevent tooth fracture or wear.
Need to chat to a dentist about tooth sensitivity?
Get in touch with us on 091 757 678 or email info@renmoredental.ie and we would be happy to organise a consultation!